PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.
